下垫面对WRF模式模拟黑河流域区域气候精度影响研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

潘小多  李新  冉有华  刘超 《高原气象》2012,31(3):657-667

利用高精度的土地覆盖、土壤质地类型和地形高度值替换了天气研究和预报模式Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)中的相关数据,通过数值模式试验检验了下垫面数据对WRF模拟精度的影响。同时,通过与黑河综合遥感联合试验中7个测站观测数据的比较,以平均误差、均方根误差和相关系数为指标,分析了WRF模式下垫面数据改变对近地表气象要素的模拟精度的影响。结果表明:(1)WRF模式本身的地形高度信息在黑河流域上游地区有较大误差,造成了一定的模拟误差。而使用高精度的下垫面数据可以提高WRF模式在黑河流域上游复杂区域的模拟能力;(2)2m气温除了随地形高度递减外,还受土壤质地和土地覆盖小幅度影响,而且进行地形订正后的2m气温与2m湿度的模拟在下垫面为水体的区域对比强烈,因此为模式提供准确的水体分布信息也至关重要;(3)2m气温和湿度等要素的模拟差异值与地形高度资料的差异呈负相关,而降雨量的差异与地形高度差异呈微弱的正相关,与土壤质地差异和土地覆盖差异的相关性也比较弱。  相似文献   

Thirty years(1984–2014) of groundwater science teaching and research in China: A dissertation-based bibliometric survey          下载免费PDF全文

ZHAI Yuan-zheng  JIANG Shi-jie  TENG Yan-guo  WANG Jin-sheng  GU Hong-biao  XIE Liang  YIN Zhi-hua 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(3):222-237

In order to track the footprint of groundwater science teaching and research in China during the past years, a bibliometric analysis was conducted based on the database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), which covered the time span from 1984 to present and included more than 2.6 million master and doctoral dissertations from hundreds of institutions of Mainland China. The bibliometric analysis summarized output, geographical, and institutional patterns, as well as research directions and hotspots in groundwater studies in China in the period of 1984-2014. A total of 1 396 groundwater-related dissertations including 1 161 master dissertations and 235 doctoral dissertations, contributed by 128 institutions distributed in 53 cities nationwide, were searched out in the database. It can be seen obviously that, the groundwater science teaching and research in China has experienced a notable growth in the past three decades especially during 2000-2014. Groundwater modeling, resource, and exploitation were the top three major subject categories; China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Jilin University and Chang’an University were the top three productive institutions together accounting for more than one third of the total dissertations and 50% of the doctoral dissertations, which further prompted the cities (Beijing, Changchun, and Xi’an) to become the top three productive cities. The dissertations generally covered all the international research topics, which indicated that hydrogeologists in China have tracked the international frontier closely during the past decades. The keywords analysis revealed that, (1) numerical modeling was still the hottest topic and PHREEQC, MODFLOW, GMS, and FEFLOW were the four most used softwares; (2) the topics related with groundwater pollution and quality developed steadily and rapidly; (3) environmental isotopes and GIS were frequently used tools for hydrogeological condition analysis, and spatial data processing respectively; and (4) the unsaturated zone as an integral part of aquifers attracted more and more attentions from hydrogeologists focus on saturated zone.  相似文献   

1901~2013年GPCC和CRU降水资料在中国大陆的适用性评估   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王丹  王爱慧 《气候与环境研究》2017,22(4):446-462

利用1901~2013年中国大陆地区的气象台站实测降水资料,对东英吉利（East Anglia）大学气候研究中心（Climatic Research Unit,CRU）和全球降水气候中心（Global Precipitation Climatology Centre,GPCC）的降水资料分别从季节、年际和年代际尺度上进行了评估。结果表明：1961~2013年CRU与GPCC降水资料均能较准确地描述中国大陆地区的降水特征,且在东部较西部地区、夏季较冬季与站点实测降水情况更为一致。将中国大陆划分为不同区域并在其季节、年际和年代际时间尺度上通过比较降水偏差绝对值的百分比、均方根误差和相关系数等统计量后发现：CRU在青藏高原和其它较大的山脉附近与站点实测降水的差别较大,且年均降水趋势在西北一带的阿尔金山脉、黄土高原、东南地区和长江下游地区,比实测降水的年均趋势小、甚至出现趋势相反的情况。此外,CRU降水的年代际变化趋势也偏小。而GPCC数据不论是降水量还是降水趋势都更接近实际情况。在1901~1961年,通过与65个长期气象观测站点的降水时间序列比较发现,CRU在110°E以西地区与站点观测的降水资料间的差别较大,而GPCC与站点观测资料的吻合较好。最后,利用1961~2013年两套降水资料和站点实测资料分别计算了标准化降水指数（SPI）,简单分析了中国大陆地区的干旱变化,发现GPCC对旱涝的时空变化特征的描述比CRU更接近站点实际观测;并且CRU也没有反映出1997年夏季中国地区出现的严重干旱情况,而GPCC较为准确地反映出了这一干旱事件特征。因此,本文的研究结果认为,就中国大陆地区长时期降水资料而言,GPCC的适用性优于CRU。  相似文献   

甘肃省城市地质调查工作探析     

刘延兵  张翔  刘海生  丁仨平  张惟国  李宝贵 《城市地质》2019,14(1):8-14

城市地质工作贯穿于城市建设发展的全过程,是城市规划建设和经济社会发展的重要基础支撑,是未来地质工作的重要发展方向。围绕各城市规划建设、运行、转型升级、选址布局、防灾减灾、美化环境等所亟需的自然资源与城镇化进程中面临的各种地质环境问题,结合甘肃省情对地质工作的需求,提出甘肃省城市地质工作在未来8年里的总体战略构想,开展基础性综合地质填图、多要素城市地质调查、城市地质信息化智慧化建设,对城市开发建设、地质资源绿色利用、地方重大工程建设、城市生态安全体系构建,提供地质支撑。  相似文献   

国家重点研发计划“水资源高效开发利用”重点专项解析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

周斌 《水科学进展》2017,28(3):472-478

国家重点研发计划"水资源高效开发利用"重点专项是国家科技计划管理改革后首批启动的重点专项之一。该专项立足中国水资源安全形势和国内外科技发展现状及趋势,以提升国家水资源安全保障的科技支撑能力为目标,通过全链条创新和全景式布局,凝练了现阶段中国水资源安全领域亟需解决的重点研究任务。深入分析了"水资源高效开发利用"重点专项的总体布局、科学目标、主要任务和立项情况,剖析了2016年和2017年项目立项和申报中存在的现象和问题,讨论了下一步支持的重点任务方向,对于加强重点专项项目的立项、申报和管理,保障总体目标实现具有积极的指导作用。  相似文献   

Charting the emergence of a ‘knowing system’ for climate change adaptation in Australian regional natural resource management     

《Geoforum》2017

Climate change increases the complexity and uncertainty of regional natural resource management (NRM), calling into question the appropriateness of linear knowledge-transfer approaches. In this paper we reflect on knowledge practices among a partnership of researchers and NRM planners, under a federal program of NRM investment intended to ‘deliver information’ to regional NRM planners to support planning for climate change. We unpack ‘container’ and ‘conduit’ metaphors of linear, one-way communication invoked by the starting conditions, and explore whether more relational ways of communicating were achieved. A key theme emerged early in the research that NRM planners felt overwhelmed by the sheer volume of information available and discouraged by the irrelevance of much of it to their climate change planning. Our research-practice collaboration unfolded in this context and through ongoing face-to-face and virtual engagement over a period of two years. The collaborative approach featured joint identification of priority activities, co-design of planning approaches, and the iterative co-development of an online ‘information portal’, which acted as a boundary object. We report the emergence of a ‘knowing system’, resulting from these efforts to foster relationships and co-produce boundary objects in a particular geographic context. Our findings highlight the potential benefits of investing in the capacity of researchers and NRM practitioners to engage in collaborative research partnerships premised on the emergence of knowing systems.  相似文献   

Environmental management frameworks for offshore mining: the New Zealand approach     

《Marine Policy》2017

The New Zealand region contains untapped natural mineral, oil, and gas resources while also supporting globally unique and diverse faunal communities that need to be managed sustainably. In this paper key information from the international literature is reviewed that can underpin an Environmental Mining Management System which includes elements of Environmental Risk Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Planning. This paper focuses on four developing areas of seafloor mining activities presently being undertaken or planned in the New Zealand region: hydrocarbons (oil and gas), minerals, ironsands and phosphorite nodules. A number of issues with the implementation of environmental management systems are identified including the difficulty of assessing new marine activities or technologies and the need for standardised reporting metrics. Finally, the development of ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning is discussed which will be required to enhance environmental mining management frameworks in New Zealand.  相似文献   

The missing middle: Central Arctic Ocean gaps in fishery research and science coordination     

《Marine Policy》2017

The warming global climate is reducing sea-ice coverage in the central Arctic, transforming a mostly inaccessible marine region into a 'new' and relatively poorly studied ocean. History shows that exploitation of newly accessible natural resources tends to precede effective research and management measures. But in response to increasing access to the central Arctic, a precautionary approach has been taking hold, with broad political and scientific support culminating in the Oslo Declaration of 2015, which aims to prevent unregulated high seas fishing in the central Arctic. Negotiations toward a full binding agreement are continuing. Formal efforts toward assessing knowledge of the Arctic marine ecosystems and coordinating research are underway, and practitioner-based research coordination and collaboration in the region is also ongoing. Yet broad gaps in our current marine research and coordination exist, and this paper draws attention to the spatial middle, middle trophics, and the middle scale — an Arctic 'missing middle'. Scientific activity in the central Arctic Ocean region is burgeoning in recent years, and a large number of initiatives, projects, and arrangements are meeting some of the need for coordination. But full pan-Arctic scientific coordination does not yet exist. In support of ecosystem-based and precautionary management of the central Arctic Ocean, this paper considers a fully Arctic-focused organization that can both orchestrate and prioritize marine research in the Arctic in view of policy imperatives, and bring emerging scientific understanding of the region directly into the discussion and formation of new policy.  相似文献   

Management and conservation at the International Whaling Commission: A dichotomy sandwiched within a shifting baseline     

《Marine Policy》2017

The International Whaling Commission's (IWC) Scientific Committee provides important advice to the IWC on a large variety of cetacean species, sub-species and populations and the issues affecting them. Cetaceans are facing increasing, non-whaling-related threats, and the Scientific Committee (SC), in accordance with the Commission's requests, has strengthened its conservation-oriented research work. A selection of the reports of the Scientific Committee from between 1986 and 2012 was assessed for its: (i) fundamental research; (ii) management; (iii) conservation; and (iv) administrative content, and to identify potential trends over time. Recommendations and their urgency were also examined, as implied from the language used by the SC in its reports. The analysis showed that the work of the Scientific Committee has increasingly been oriented towards conservation issues over the period reviewed, but at the same time this conservation work has received little funding. Increased support for conservation-related research projects is warranted to promote the long-term survival of cetaceans. Based on this review of the content and focus of the Committee reports, the analysis suggested that its issued advice be made clearer, whenever possible, and governments are urged to give due consideration to this science-based advice particularly when urgent conservation actions are needed. In addition, more consistent funding of the IWC's conservation-related research should be pursued to improve international conservation outputs regarding cetacean populations.  相似文献   

广东吴川吴阳古沉船为明代古船文献考析     

陈国威 《广东海洋大学学报》2012,(2):21-26

广东吴川吴阳镇是国家级的历史文化名镇,境内历史文物众多.因濒临南海,自古为雷州半岛与外界交往的海洋通道.据考察研究及文物普查,该镇存在着一处古沉船遗址.沉船年代未明,一说为唐宋船,一说为近代外国船.通过民俗、历史地理遗迹调查,结合相关历史文献,论证吴阳古沉船为明代古船的可能性,甚至为17世纪荷兰古沉船.古沉船的历史信息不仅丰富了雷州半岛与域外交往的历史,而且为今后进一步开展雷州半岛航海史考古特别是古沉船考古奠定了文献基础  相似文献